4 risks of chronic constipation
Constipation can range from uncomfortable to agony. However, as research continues to mount, we’re learning that constipation is not simply a “pain,” it influences our risk for developing serious conditions. While we’ve normalized constipation to the point that even medical doctors often suggest that 3 bowel movements a week is acceptable, the truth is that humans should have 1-3 complete and formed bowel movements each day. Here are 4 conditions associated with constipation:
1. Increased risk of cardiovascular events
Constipation and laxative use are independently associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and stroke. The suspicion is that this is due to a shift in the microbiome, so while constipation may not be the cause of increased risk, it’s an early warning sign.
2. Cognitive impairment and Parkinson’s disease
At the 2023 Alzeimer’s Association International Conference, researchers shared that constipation (or less frequent bowel movements) was associated with increased cognitive decline over a 3-year period when compared to those who don’t experience constipation. Certain microbes in the colon that cause constipation seem to also be linked to cognitive decline, dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Interestingly, they’ve also linked certain gut bacteria to neuroprotective effects.
3. Poor quality of life and mental health impact
Studies continue to find a relationship between constipation and depression, anxiety and other serious psychological disorders. In some studies, up to 65% of people with constipation report a mental health disorder. Currently, it’s not clear if the relationship is causal or a correlation; however, this research suggests that we should carefully be screening and addressing these conditions as they relate to each other.
4. Increased risk of kidney dysfunction
Research as recent as 2024 shows a significant increased risk of chronic kidney disease associated with constipation. Even those taking laxatives to induce a daily bowel movement shared in this risk. This important research means that we should carefully be screening kidney function in those with constipation and should be looking for methods to resolve the root causes of constipation versus managing it with laxatives.
Takeaway
Chronic constipation isn’t just a digestive issue—it’s a systemic health concern. Early intervention through fermented foods, hydration, exercise, avoidance of constipating medication use, an anti-inflammatory and high soluble fiber diet and medical evaluation can reduce risks of long-term complications and improve quality of life.
About Megan Barnett, MS, CNS
Megan Barnett, MS, CNS is a clinical nutritionist, research writer, public speaker and educator with over ten years in the field of nutrition science and functional medicine. She co-owns BioLounge, a functional medicine clinic in Portland, Oregon, and she is the co-founder and product developer of Florasophy organic soluble fiber blends. She sits on the board of directors for the American Nutrition Association where she supports the credentialing and professional development of her colleagues while providing leadership in the treatment and prevention of disease using evidence-based nutrition science.